The following is the Nue.js manifesto, a JavaScript framework for building website with only Nue markup that is very optimized for Web standards, both in terms of client side rendering, as well as bundling.

https://nuejs.org/why/

Nue is a toolset for making frontend development more enjoyable. It’s a complete overhaul to ecosystems like Vue, React, and Svelte as well as web development frameworks like Vite, Next.js, and Astro.

Nue uses progressive enhancement, separation of concerns, and semantic web design to deliver new levels of performance, better scalability, and massively improved development experience.

Nue is open-source software released under the MIT license. It’s an engineering attempt to bring a long-term solution to the prevailing frontend fatigue. It’s a work im progress with the following release schedule:

Create both websites and webapps

Nue is a web application builder with first-class support for both single-page applications (SPA) and multi-page applications (MPA):

Multi-page applications

• Consist of multiple HTML pages
• Blog, docs, marketing pages, etc.
• Rendered server-side
• Client-side JavaScript is optional
• Search engine optimized

In multi-page mode, the development experience is optimized for UX developers and content creators.

Single-page applications

• Consist of a single HTML page
• Admin dashboards, onboarding flows, surveys…
• Rendered client-side
• Client-side JavaScript is required
• Typically hidden from search engines

In single-page mode, the development experience is optimized for UX developers and JS/TS developers. The application is rendered with client-side Nue JS.

You structure your app hierarchy as you please.

For UX engineers, JavaScript developers, and content creators

Nue embraces separation of concerns to make your code easier to read, understand, and scale for all the members of your web team. This helps you move significantly faster because your team members can work in isolation without blocking others or breaking their code.

UX developers

UX developers use Nue JS to focus solely on the structure, layout, and interaction design without spending time on hooks, effects, or other complex framework internals.

JavaScript developers

JavaScript developers can focus solely on the business model, networking, and other back-of-the-frontend functions.

Content creators

Copywriters, marketers, and other non-technical people can use a human-friendly Nuemark syntax for content management. They focus purely on the content without the ability to break styling or create JS bugs.

The content of this page is written with Nuemark

🖐 No more spaghetti, please!

With separated concerns, you avoid the issues with “spaghetti code” where different programming languages and coding styles are mixed. This kind of mixed code is hard to understand, maintain, and scale. Here’s how Tailwind front page looks like under the hood:

The source code of the Tailwind CSS front page

It’s hard to see how it works and you’ll have challenges explaining it to fellow developers. It also makes your code less reusable when everything is hardcoded together and made specific to a single context.

Universal hot reloading

With content, styling, layout, and logic neatly separated Nue provides a powerful feature called “universal hot-reloading”:

Hit save and your document mutates itself to the new state

Everything you do: editing content, adding new assets, changing the layout, modifying server-side components, editing reactive components, or making design changes, the change is instantly reflected on the browser.

Universal hot reloading in action

With this feature, UX developers, JavaScript developers, and content creators can move faster and enjoy a significantly better developer experience.

Minimalism

Current frameworks, UI widgets, single-page applications, websites, and build tools are 10-100x bigger and more complex than they could be. Here is the source code of React compared to Nue:

👉 Less is More

The benefits of minimalism go far beyond just serving smaller JavaScript files:

1. Easier to maintain: When you have 10x less code, you need significantly fewer people to maintain and develop the project.

2. Easier to use: There are very few API methods and configuration variables. There is less to learn and you need less “boilerplate” code so you can move faster.

3. Fewer bugs: Nue codebase is small: there’s less surface for issues and the bugs are easier to locate.

4. Faster: Nue is faster due to simpler internal logic and there are fewer kilobytes to transfer.

The amount of code developers want to write has gotten slightly out of hand. Here’s what the world looks like today:

Frontend obesity crisis

React.js is 109kb of minified JavaScript (35kb gzipped), Vue.js is 97kb (34kb gzipped) and Nue.js is 4.7kb (2.2kb gzipped). React and Vue have order or magnitude more bloat than Nue for doing roughly the same thing.

The JavaScript bundle size or the “Hello, World” application in create-react-app is 1.6Mb 😳 (364kb gzipped). create-nue-app requires no JS to render and only 5kb (2.5kb gzipped) of optional JavaScript is loaded to progressively enhance the page with dynamic “islands”.

React-based headless UI library is 103kb of minified JavaScript and Vue version 104kb. Nue’s upcoming UI library will be 10-20 times smaller with the same set of components.

The size of the project directory created with create-react-app is an unacceptable 321Mb 🤯 and create-vite-app is 31MB. A blank project created with Nue is under 1 MB.

Extreme performance

Thanks to minimalism, Nue can shoot for the fastest possible page rendering performance you can technically achieve on the Internet. The secret is to respect the 14kb rule in TCP slow start algorithm. When your HTML request with all the content and styling to render the initial viewport is under 14kb, you have significantly faster page loads:

Nue-powered websites feel instant

Nue is fast because of an undervalued technique called progressive enhancement. The content and primary CSS are loaded first, then secondary CSS, and finally JavaScript. You cannot get faster with any other approach.

While frameworks like Astro have taken steps towards improved load performance they have a hard time fitting the content and CSS to the first HTTP packet because CSS-in-JS does not play well with progressive enhancement.

Optimization

Nue will offer a nue stats command (not yet available) to check that everything is good regarding TCP slow start and the page load performance.

Attempting to keep everything under 14kb

In the above CSS1 stands for primary css and CSS2 is secondary css. The final row is the combined size of HTML and inlined primary CSS after being gzipped. Red rows require at least two TCP packets to render the first contentful paint.

TCP’s slow start puts performance optimization to where it matters and you can stop struggling with JavaScript module bundling and other secondary areas where optimization doesn’t give you much benefit.